Food Allergies in Dogs & Cats: Signs, Diagnosis and Care
Dr. med. vet. FVH Tobias Vögtli
29.04.2025
Food Allergies in Dogs & Cats: Signs, Diagnosis and Care
When Eating Becomes a Burden
Recognizing and Understanding Food Allergies in Dogs and Cats
For many dogs and cats, mealtime is a daily highlight. However, nutrition is more than just enjoyment—it’s a reflection of our care and responsibility. But what happens when the very food meant to nourish our pets starts causing discomfort?
Increasingly, we observe dogs and cats reacting sensitively to certain components in their food. This can be unsettling, but with proper guidance, we can find a suitable path forward.
Understanding Food Reactions
Not all intolerances are true allergies. We distinguish between two types:
- Food Allergy: An overreaction of the immune system to specific proteins, mistakenly identifying them as threats and triggering a defensive response.
- Food Intolerance: Occurs without immune system involvement. The body struggles to process certain ingredients, such as additives, lactose, or gluten.
Both conditions may present similar symptoms but require different treatment approaches.
Possible Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms can be varied and develop gradually. Monitoring your pet’s behavior and well-being is crucial.
Common indicators include:
- Skin and Coat: Itching (especially on the head or abdomen), redness, hair loss, excessive grooming or licking.
- Digestive Issues: Gas, diarrhea, or vomiting.
- Behavioral Changes: Restlessness, increased scratching, withdrawal, excessive licking of paws or other areas.
- General Signs: Recurring inflammations (e.g., ears), lethargy, anal gland problems (particularly in dogs).
If you notice such changes, a visit to your VetTrust clinic is advisable. Our veterinarians will take the time to listen and guide you through diagnosis and treatment.
Investigating: Diagnosing Food Allergies
Unlike environmental allergies, blood or rapid tests are unreliable for food reactions. The gold standard is an elimination diet:
- For several weeks, your pet receives only specially selected food—either with a novel protein source or a hydrolyzed diet where proteins are broken down to prevent immune recognition.
- It’s essential that no other snacks or treats are given during this period to establish a clear connection.
- Subsequently, the original food is reintroduced step by step to observe any reactions.
Treatment: Personalized, Long-Term, and Holistic
The goal is to consistently avoid triggering substances. Together, we develop a feeding plan suited to your pet and lifestyle. Options include:
- Hydrolyzed Protein Diets: Such as those based on salmon, duck, or insect protein.
- Home-Cooked Meals: Prepared under nutritional guidance.
- Monoprotein Products: Tailored to specific nutrient intolerances.
An example is Hill’s Prescription Diet dry and wet food, available for small and large breed dogs, puppies, and cats – with hydrolysed protein sources to help avoid adverse food reactions.
We recommend products that are monoprotein-based (only one protein source) and free from artificial colors, flavors, or preservatives.
If skin, coat, or gut flora are already affected, targeted additional therapies may be necessary—such as special ear cleaners, antifungal treatments for yeast infections, supportive shampoos, or essential fatty acids for the skin—always considering protein and additive tolerances.
Supporting Your Pet at Home
Managing food allergies is a collaborative effort. Small daily actions can make a significant difference:
- Maintain a Symptom Diary: Helps identify patterns and triggers.
- Avoid Frequent Food Changes: Stick to a consistent diet.
- Inform All Caregivers: Ensure family, friends, and pet sitters are aware of dietary restrictions.
- Consult Your Veterinarian: Seek advice if uncertainties arise.
Food allergies are typically not a cause for serious concern but warrant attention. With patience, expertise, and individualized care, you and your veterinarian can determine what best suits your dog. Proper nutrition contributes significantly to your pet’s well-being, enhancing the quality of life for both of you.